
Dagfinn Føllesdal (1932-2026) was the Clarence Irving Lewis Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Stanford University and professor emeritus at the University of Oslo.
Christian Beyer presents Dagfinn’s main contributions here. In an interview by Øystein Linnebo and Einar Duenger Bøhn Dagfinn shared thoughts about his life and academic work.
Obituaries: by Jon Elster, Olav Gjelsvik, Øystein Linnebo and Lars Walløe; from Stanford University, Leiter Reports, Daily Nous,
Some websites of interest:
Open Commons of Phenomenology, The Husserl Page, Husserl.net, Quine,
Some central publications – of the many he published over 72 years! [1954-2026] [a more complete list]
| 14. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn; Follesdal, Andreas: Quine’s planned changes to Word and Object. In: Nagase, Daniel (Ed.): Quine’s ‘Word and Object’ at 65, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2026. (Type: Book Chapter | Abstract | Tags: Quine-)@inbook{RN55603,Though Quine finished Word and Object in 1959, his views of these themes continued to develop and change over the following four decades until his death in 2000. This contribution discusses three major shifts Quine intended in the argument of Word and Object to appear in the new edition: the public nature of meaning, the modalities, and propositional attitudes. The discussion of stimulus in Chapter 2 needed radical modification to reflect Quine’s changed insights about the public nature of language. Chapter 3 should be updated in line with his thinking in Roots of Reference. He there distinguishes between reception and perception. Thirdly, Chapter 6 about modality and propositional attitudes should be revised. |
| 13. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Conceptual change and reference. In: Hubig, Christoph (Ed.): Cognitio humana: Dynamik des Wissens und der Werte, pp. 351–367, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1997. (Type: Book Chapter | Abstract | Links | Tags: Reference)@inbook{RN52600,…Frege, in “Uber Sinn und Bedeutung” and other works,argued that the there are three main kinds of expression: singular terms, general terms and sentences and that they all have a sense [Sinn] that determines their reference [Gegenstand, or Referenz], …the three kinds of expression that Frege distinguished should not be assimilated to one another. They fall into two different groups with radically different semantics. The semantics of singular terms is quite unlike the semantics of general terms and sentences. While sense is primary in the case of general terms and sentences, reference is what matters in the case of singular terms…. The sense of a genuine singular term is designed to insure, through the vicissitudes of increased insight and changing scientific theories, that the term keeps on referring to what it presently refers to. |
| 12. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Analytical philosophy: what is it and why should one engage in it?. In: Ratio, vol. 9, pp. 193–208, 1996. (Type: Journal Article | Abstract | Links | Tags: Methodology)@article{RN32690,…the whole division of contemporary philosophy into ‘continental’ and ‘analytic’ is fundamentally flawed. … I believe, that analytic philosophy is very strongly concerned with argument and justification. |
| 11. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Gödel and Husserl. In: Hintikka, Jaakko (Ed.): From Dedekind to Gödel: Essays on the Development of the Foundations of Mathematics, pp. 427–446, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995. (Type: Book Chapter | Abstract | Links | Tags: Gödel, Husserl)@inbook{RN52603,…Gödel’s Nachlass … shows that Gödel knew Husserl’s work well and appreciated it greatly. … What impressed him seems to have been Husserl’s general philosophy, which would provide a systematic framework for a number of his own earlier ideas on the foundations of mathematics. |
| 10. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: In what sense is language public. In: Leonardi, Paolo; Santambrogio, Marco (Ed.): On Quine: New essays, pp. 53–67, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995. (Type: Book Chapter | Abstract | Tags: Language and meaning)@inbook{RN56674,….my view is a very traditional and classical view, found in the history of philosophy from its beginning: Language is established and learned and used in public settings, where we are surrounded by publicly observable objects and events and other persons, who perceive and handle those same objects and events and are perceived by us to do so. Where I go beyond the tradition is in claiming that there is nothing more to meaning than what is produced through this public interaction. |
| 9. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Introductory note to Kurt Gödel, ’The modern development of the foundations of
mathematics in the light of philosophy’. In: Feferman, Solomon (Ed.): Kurt Gödel, Collected Works, Volume 3: Unpublished Essays and Lectures, pp. 364–373, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995. (Type: Book Chapter | Tags: Gödel, Husserl)@inbook{RN56672, |
| 8. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Noema and Meaning in Husserl. In: Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 50, pp. 263–271, 1990, ISSN: 00318205. (Type: Journal Article | Abstract | Links | Tags: Husserl, Language and meaning)@article{RN52601,… I will concentrate on three of the theses that have been particularly popular targets of attack,… Discussing these may help highlight some of the points in Husserl’s view on intentionality where he comes very close to Frege’s and others’ views on language. I. The noema is an intensional entity (intensional with an ‘s’), a generalization of the notion of meaning. 4. The noema of an act is not the object of the act (i.e., not the object toward which the act is directed). 8. Noemata are abstract entities…. |
| 7. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Husserl on evidence and justification. In: Sokolowski, Robert (Ed.): Edmund Husserl and the phenomenological tradition: Essays in Phenomenology, The Catholic University of America Press, Washington DC, 1988. (Type: Book Chapter | Abstract | Tags: Husserl, Justification-, Methodology)@inbook{RN52599,The problem of evidence and justification is central in Husserl’s phenomenology. In nearly all his writings, from the earliest to the latest, it is a recurrent theme. At first sight Husserl might seem to be a oundationalist in matters of justification: one gets the impression that he held that one can reach absolute certainty, at least concerning some matters, and also that he regarded it as a main task of philosophy to attain such certainty. Philosophy should be developed as a “rigorous science” which could provide firm foundations for the sciences and for mathematics. Again and again Husseri emphasizes certainty, a priori knowledge, freedom from presuppositions, and intuition, or essential insight. In this paper, we will take a closer look at these matters. Afer a brief introductory exposition of Husserl’s notions of intentionality and meaning e will review Husserl’s notion of evidence and his changing views on the two kinds of perfection of evidence, adequate and apodictic. We will also examine Husserl’s seemingly foundationalist statements, and we will conclude that in spite of appearances, Husserl never was a foundationalist. On the contrary, during the last twenty years of his life he developed more and more in the direction of a quite extreme holism, not only in the sciences, but also in mathematics and in ethics, the two disciplines which traditionally have been the strongholds of foundationalism. In fact, I will argue that Husserl’s mature view in these matters was very similar to the views that Nelson Goodman, John Rawls and many others were to develop later. My main thesis will be that Husseri embraced what Rawls has called the method of ‘reflective equilibrium.’ |
| 6. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: The Status of Rationality Assumptions in Interpretation and in the Explanation of Action. In: Dialectica, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 301–316, 1982, ISSN: 00122017, 17468361. (Type: Journal Article | Abstract | Links | Tags: Action theory)@article{RN52596,The rationality assumptions that are made when one interprets texts or explains actions have been regarded as necessary (Davidson, Dray), empirical (Hempel), superfluous (Popper), or false (Donagan). After a survey of different notions of rationality and the role that each of them plays in interpretation and in the explanation of action, the author’s view is presented in four theses: (1) some degree of rationality is necessary, (2) reasons for actions should always be included in their explanation, even where purely causal factors would suffice to explain them, (3) explanations should not seek to maximize rationality, and (4) man is striving to be rational. Les présupposés de rationalité faits lorsqu’on interprète des textes ou explique des actions ont été considérés comme nécessaires (Davidson, Dray), empiriques (Hempel), superflus (Popper) ou faux (Donagan). Après un inventaire des différentes notions de rationalité et du rôle que chacune d’elles joue dans l’interprétation et l’explication de l’action, la position de l’auteur est présentée en quatre thèses: (1) un certain degré de rationalité est nécessaire, (2) les raisons des actions devraient toujours être incluses dans l’explication de celles-ci, même si des facteurs purement causals devaient suffire pour les expliquer, (3) les explications ne devraient pas tendre à maximiser la rationalité, et (4) l’homme tend à être rationnel. Die Rationalitätsvoraussetzungen, die man beim Interpretieren von Texten oder bei der Erklärung von Handlungen macht, sind als notwendig (Davidson, Dray), empirisch (Hempel), überflüssig (Popper) oder falsch (Donagan) betrachtet worden. Nach einem Überblick über verschiedene Begriffe von Rationalität und der Rolle, die diese bei der Interpretation und Erklärung von Handlung spielen, legt der Verfasser vier Thesen vor: (1) Ein gewisser Grad von Rationalität ist notwendig, (2) Gründe für Handlungen sollten bei ihrer Erklärung immer berücksichtigt werden, sogar wenn rein kausale Faktoren für die Erklärung genügen würden, (3) Erklärungen sollten nicht darauf ausgerichtet sein, Rationalität zu maximieren und (4) der Mensch strebt danach, rational zu sein. |
| 5. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Hermeneutics and the hypothetico-deductive method. In: Dialectica, vol. 33, no. 3-4, pp. 319–336, 1979, ISSN: 0012-2017. (Type: Journal Article | Abstract | Links | Tags: Methodology)@article{RN52595,The so-called hermeneutic method is actually the same as the hypothetico-deductive method applied to materials that are “meaningful” (e. g., the systems of beliefs and values of human beings in action). Five different interpretations of the role of the stranger in Ibsens “Peer Gynt” are discussed and shown to be examples of how interpretation-hypotheses can be judged by confronting them with the data (e. g., the text, the biography of the author etc.). The conclusion drawn from the analysis is that there is no fundamental methodological difference between natural sciences and humanities. |
| 4. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Meaning and experience. In: Guttenplan, Samuel (Ed.): Mind and Language: Wolfson College Lectures 1974, pp. 25–44, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1975. (Type: Book Chapter | Tags: Language and meaning, Reference)@inbook{RN56673, |
| 3. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Husserl’s Notion of Noema. In: The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 66, no. 20, pp. 680–687, 1969, ISSN: 0022362X. (Type: Journal Article | Abstract | Links | Tags: Husserl)@article{RN52594,…According to Husserl, there is associated with each act a noema, in virtue of which the act is directed toward its object, if it has any. When we think of a centaur, our act of thinking has a noema, but it has no object; there exists no object of which we think. Because of its noema, however, even such an act is directed. To be directed simply is to have a noema. … I shall present a number of theses concerning the noema .. My main thesis is the following: 1. The noema is an intensional entity, a generalization of the notion of meaning (Sinn, Bedeutung). |
| 2. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Quantification into causal contexts. In: Cohen, R. S.; Wartofsky, M. W. (Ed.): Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 2, Reprint in Linsky, ed. Reference and Modality: Oxford Readings in Philosophy, 1971 ISBNs 19875017 019875017X, 1965. (Type: Book Chapter | Tags: )@inbook{RN56675, |
| 1. | Føllesdal, Dagfinn: Husserl and Putnam on Twin Earth. In: Frauchiger, Michael (Ed.): Themes from Putnam: The theoretical and the moral face of realist philosophy, de Gruyter, Berlin, 0000. (Type: Book Chapter | Abstract | Tags: Husserl, Reference)@inbook{RN52617,In 1968 Putnam put forth the “Twin Earth” example, which became one of his most widely discussed contributions, and he and many of his readers have struggled to find ways of dealing with the problems it raises. The example stimulated his interest in Husserl and made him move in a Husserlian direction. What he did not know, was that Husserl 55 years earlier had discussed basically the same example, in a manuscript from 1913, when he was preparing Ideas. This was discovered in 1993 by Christian Beyer, who in Oct.-Dec. 1994 at Stanford wrote the last chapter of Beyer 1996, where he mentions Husserl’s use of the example in print for the first time. In this paper I am going through Husserl’s version of the example and discuss what light it throws on the issues he and Putnam consider, in particular the twin earth issues, reference, demonstratives, kinds and idealism. I am grateful to Beyer for his comments. |
